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To make a terrain surface into a volume, I used the instructions in this post. Unfortunately, the extruded side walls and the bottom face are getting strange shading errors.

enter image description here

Can anyone explain to me how these occur and how I can fix them?

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Go to the Object Data Properties (the green triangular symbol) and under Geometry Data click Clear Custom Split Normals Data.

custom normals

I have to admit I don't actually know how or when those "custom normals data" were created, but I experienced this from time to time, too. Maybe someone else can give an explanation on the circumstances.

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    $\begingroup$ One possible source (though I haven't checked to see if it seems likely in this specific case) is using the Harden Normals option when running a bevel. That creates the split normals data. A weighted normal modifier that has been applied will also do this, as will just about anything else that edits the normals (there's a plugin somewhere that lets you paint them with a brush, and presumably various other ways). Those are the most common sources I can think of. A new weighted normal modifier can sometimes be the best way to fix it, if it looks bad after deleting the custom normals. $\endgroup$
    – Ben
    Commented May 19, 2022 at 10:18
  • $\begingroup$ @Ben Oh, thanks for the information. I guess the Harden Normals option is most of the times the cause whenever I get this in my work. $\endgroup$ Commented May 19, 2022 at 10:31

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