I started really using blender just before 2.79b, and am currently up to date, but it’s been awhile. Take this with a grain of salt.
Even though a lot changed under the hood with Blender 3, I feel like the actual “Blender three” was Blender 2.80, as it made the most changes to be incompatible with 2.79 and before. The most notable that I remember were:
- Overhaul of the default screen layouts, with a new UI theme.
- The addition of “gizmos” which are basically the thing where transform arrows would show on the selected thing in the viewport, but far expanded with many previously menu-only tools being available to show, plus some navigational tools that show all the time.
- The game engine was scrapped.
- The Blender Internal render engine was scrapped.
- The EEVEE render engine was added. It is node based, like Cycles, and most shaders will be compatible with both, but EEVEE is built on OpenGL and is more like a game render engine in that it “fakes” (rasterizes) everything for amazingly speedy mostly-accurate renders.
- The Workbench render engine was added. This is equivalent to the old viewport/OpenGL render (which I think was removed), and is basically solid view.
- Viewport background images were removed as an option (there’s a workaround by using the world shader to show an image with Window coordinates).
- Images as an Empty were added. Great for references.
- The keyboard shortcuts for playback (now Shift+Space), de-selecting all (now Alt+A), and making an editor fullscreen were changed.
Later on, some other things were added/changed:
- Geometry Nodes. Basically, construct your own modifier(s) with a node editor. Can’t bevel yet, but can add mesh primitives…
- Asset Browser and “mark as asset”. Meant to make re-using assets easier, although I still mostly just have used Append.
- “Cycles X”. Cycles was completely re-written on its tenth anniversary from the ground up, and is now much faster, with better OptiX support in general. It was a replacement, so the old Cycles is no longer in place.
For more information, check on YouTube. There’s a “Blender 2.80 basics” video that might help you.