First, we should get the frames at which the markers are set, to do this, we can use this list comprehension:
[marker.frame for marker in bpy.context.scene.timeline_markers]
Which returns the frames at which the markers were set:
Next, I am going to subtract the current frame from this list, now all the markers that have frame values less than the current frame will have negative values. If I max the output with zero, all the values that were negative will become zero. If I "not" (Invert) the result, all zeros becomes ones and non zeros becomes zeros. If I sum all the values of the output, I will get the number of markers that are before or at the current frame. I can now use this output in a Trim Text Node to show the characters:
Which results in: