blender can export GLTF, which supports embedding PBR material in your export.
However it seems you are looking for exporting custom shaders. This should be doable with USD.
USD is designed to export scene data across software, and has shader export support.
However since I've not had a chance to use it myself, I can't tell you exactly how to do it.
You can find more info here, hopefully this helps you finding the answer https://developer.blender.org/tag/usd/