In math and physics, a vector is "s a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction." Blender uses 3D vectors in compositing, material and geometry nodes; and elsewhere to represent direction or force. Use this tag for questions about any of the uses of vectors in Blender.
Wikipedia's relevant entry on Vector describes a vector as
a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction.
Blender's Vectors are three dimensional and specified as three numbers consisting of an X, Y, and Z coordinate. They are used in compositing, material and geometry nodes to represent, among other things the direction perpendicular to a face (called a normal). They are also used in physics simulations to represent forces.
Use this tag for questions about any of the uses of vectors in Blender.