No, there is no option to bake to external cache.

The workaround would be to convert simulation into an *Action*: *Viewport header > Object > Animation > Bake Action (turn visual keying on)*.

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

You can store this action in another .blend to link it somewhere later, or in another file format you can import where you like.

If you want to simulate in chunks, you will have to animate the *Animated* tag under *Rigid Body* settings to control till which point is the last *Action* and where the simulation continues.


  [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/2McLV.png