AFAIK, there is no option to set tile sizes from the command line.

However, you could use the [python api][1] to do this, and execute a python script in blender from the command line.

To set tile sizes from python, you can use  
[`bpy.context.scene.render.tile_x`][2]
and [`bpy.context.scene.render.tile_y`][3].

Tile order can be set with `bpy.data.scenes["Scene"].cycles.tile_order`.  
This can be set to `'CENTER', 'RIGHT_TO_LEFT', 'LEFT_TO_RIGHT', 'TOP_TO_BOTTOM',` or `'BOTTOM_TO_TOP'`


  [1]: http://www.blender.org/documentation/blender_python_api_2_68_5/contents.html
  [2]: http://www.blender.org/documentation/blender_python_api_2_68_5/bpy.types.RenderSettings.html?highlight=tile#bpy.types.RenderSettings.tile_x
  [3]: http://www.blender.org/documentation/blender_python_api_2_68_5/bpy.types.RenderSettings.html?highlight=tile#bpy.types.RenderSettings.tile_y