I want to thank you for this question because I learned something in researching the answer.

Things have changed. Here's how you can do this easily in 2.8.

There is a backface culling option when in Edit Mode from the Viewport Shading Menu pulldown, BUT this is NOT what you want. Leave it alone. :)

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

THere is another backface culling option in the Materials tab of the Properties Panel. THIS is what you want. Uncheck it.

[![enter image description here][2]][2]

Your camera will now render what is on the outside of any object with this material assigned to it, but not what is on the inside of it.

I feel good to have finally learned how this works just now. :)

  [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/WXCiC.jpg
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/M31TC.jpg