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Why my object is solid like this after adding subdivision surface modifier? I am trying to add more loop cuts for refining but unable to add them on soiled positions.

I have tried adding more loop cuts and also merge vertex by distance I mean remove the doubles.

1st image is after and before applying the subdivision surface modifier and the 2nd image is after I tried adding more loop cuts and details into my mesh.

enter image description here

enter image description here

UPDATE:

I have tried and make changes as you instructed. I tried to clean my topology but my result is not clean. Where I am wrong now? Also uploaded the updated file.

enter image description here

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  • $\begingroup$ The simple answer is that your topology is bad and you need to find better way to make your object $\endgroup$
    – MikoCG
    Sep 10, 2021 at 8:16
  • $\begingroup$ But if you actually don't care about your topology at all and still want easy solution to make this work then select all edges that need to be sharp and use Shift+E to make them purple, when they are purple, subdiv recognize them as those who need to stay sharp $\endgroup$
    – MikoCG
    Sep 10, 2021 at 8:19

2 Answers 2

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You should redo your topology:

  • Simplify your shape, boolean the cylinder:

enter image description here

  • Rework the topology, symmetrize:

enter image description here

  • Bevel the edges:

enter image description here

  • Give it a Subdivision Surface modifier, shade smooth:

enter image description here

Edit: Here is a bevel from your current file. Also, before that, make sure the normals of your faces are correctly oriented, select all in Edit mode and press ShiftN:

enter image description here

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  • $\begingroup$ I tried to make my topology better several time but don't know what to do and how I do that. Now I am going to try this. Thank you! $\endgroup$
    – Haider Akbar
    Sep 10, 2021 at 9:55
  • $\begingroup$ How to add vertices after bolean the cylinder? In 2nd image as you showing. $\endgroup$
    – Haider Akbar
    Sep 10, 2021 at 11:03
  • $\begingroup$ use tools like knife (K to activate) or join vertices (J), dissolve edges (Ctrl X), etc... $\endgroup$
    – moonboots
    Sep 10, 2021 at 11:36
  • $\begingroup$ I have tried and make chages as you instructed. I tried to clean my topology but my result is not clean. Where I am wrong now? Also uploaded the updated file. Please review the question. $\endgroup$
    – Haider Akbar
    Sep 10, 2021 at 12:11
  • $\begingroup$ you need to bevel the edges as seen in my third picture, select the edges and press Ctrl B in order to create these bevels. Maybe look for tutorials on the basics of modeling, your shape is a bit hard if you are a total beginner $\endgroup$
    – moonboots
    Sep 10, 2021 at 12:30
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To give more answers to my comment, Your first way should be to remove extensive vertices to make your mesh clean so that it can work in a less destructive way without using booleans...

If you actually don't care about topology then just select all of your sharp edges like me and press Shift+E and drag it to full pink till it is sharp like this: enter image description here

Solution depends on your needs because with this you will still end up with some bad topology and it will be bad if you want to change it even more: enter image description here

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  • $\begingroup$ I tried to make my topology better several time but don't know what to do and how I do that. I want to make topology better. Thank you! $\endgroup$
    – Haider Akbar
    Sep 10, 2021 at 9:54

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