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This is the reference photo I've been using, and after a few attempts at it myself I wasn't able to get anything I was happy with.

Enter image description here

Essentially I want to be able to add an image into the Shader node network (or Compositor), change the seed, and have a result similar to the reference.

I'm sure there is an answered question or a tutorial for this kind of thing, but I've looked around quite a bit and couldn't find anything.

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There is several types of cracks and scratches in your reference image ... some are easier to handle than others.

The simplest ones "empty maps" ... the key here is probably Musgrave texture node with low Dimension value ...

enter image description here

Secondly cracks that can be handled by Voronoi texture ... here it comes very sensitive in therm of value setup to get wanted result ... so something like this ...

enter image description here Value node is used in "Seed" meaner.

Small painting cracks, seen at hairs (right bottom side), are the most difficult for me, but some similarity can be achieved by Voronoi > Minkowski ...

enter image description here The trick to generate lines I could use Mapping node with some translation, but keep the nodetree light I used slightly different Randomness to let Compare node do its job.

Voronoi > Minkowski seems to be useful for other kind of damages - liquid or mold things (usually tinted to to brown paper) ...

enter image description here

With a small change of Scale value (here from 1 to 2) became like a paper damage, that can be used for Transparency and Normal factor ...

enter image description here

... final combination of those structures depends up to you :)

Before enter image description here

After enter image description here

To give final result a bit of thickness for cracks and creases you can combine all types to be reused into Height map

enter image description here

enter image description here

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    $\begingroup$ This is an exceedingly useful and comprehensive answer, thank you for sharing it with the community. $\endgroup$
    – Freddie R
    Commented Mar 14, 2022 at 18:00
  • $\begingroup$ Really impressive :)) bookmarked $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 24, 2022 at 18:42
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    $\begingroup$ @JachymMichal ... also "really" value fragile :) $\endgroup$
    – vklidu
    Commented Mar 25, 2022 at 8:34

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